Sunday, August 2, 2020

Risk of flu increases in monsoon, increase immunity with these 5 things

The rainy season brings many diseases. In this season, a little carelessness can cause problems. Immunity must be strengthened to avoid viruses and bacteria.


The risk of flu and infection increases further during the rainy season. It is very important to pay attention to food and drink in this season. It is also important to have strong immune system to prevent any kind of infection or virus. Let us know what things you can increase in your diet by including it in the diet.

Lemon Grass- You have hardly heard of the medicinal plant of Lemon Grass. The oil of this plant is considered very beneficial for the immune system. It is also used in viral feve
r (seasonal fever) and cough, cold, cold. It provides instant relief from infections in the stomach, intestines and urinary tract.



Ginger- Ginger is not less than any miracle drug to boost immunity. The anti microbial and anti fungal elements present in it are excellent for the body's immune system. Apart from vegetables, you can use it in juices, soups and chutneys.


Turmeric- The anti-oxidant property in turmeric is effective in keeping the immune healthy. Heat one spoon of black pepper powder, one teaspoon of turmeric powder and one teaspoon of dry ginger powder in a cup of water. When this water remains half after boiling, drink it after cooling it.



Tulsi- Tulsi has antibiotic properties that give strength to the body to fight the virus by strengthening the immunity. Boil one spoon powder of cloves and ten to fifteen fresh basil leaves in one liter of water until it dries to half. After that filter it and cool it and drink it every hour. You will get rest from viral soon.


Coriander- Coriander is rich in health, so it ends many diseases like viral fever. Coriander tea works as a very effective medicine to eliminate viral fever. During the monsoon season, you should drink tea every morning and evening.

Saturday, August 20, 2011

Some Good Thoughts

1 WHEN YOU FOCUS ON PROBLEMS, YOU WILL HAVE MORE PROBLEMS, BUT, WHEN YOU FOCUS ON POSSIBILITIES YOU WILL HAVE MORE OPPORTUNITIES….….!!!

2) “IN THE RACE OF LIFE, DO NOT WORRY ABOUT PEOPLE MOVING AHEAD OF YOU, TAKE YOUR OWN TIME BUT ONCE YOU ARE READY TO RUN, MAKE SURE YOU ARE THE BEST OF ALL..….!!!

3) “THE SUCCESS OF A CORPORATION IS DETERMINED BY INNOVATING & EXECUTING GOOD IDEAS TO BECOME MORE & MORE RELEVANT TO CUSTOMERS….!!!

4) “THE ELDEST IS RESPECTED IN HIS HOUSE, THE HEADMAN IN HIS VILLAGE; A KING IS RESPECTED IN HIS COUNTRY, BUT THE EDUCATED & LEARNED EVERYWHERE.!!!

5) “FORGET YOUR OWN SADNESS BY CREATING A LITTLE HAPPINESS FOR OTHERS, BECAUSE WHEN YOU ARE GOOD TO OTHERS, YOU ARE BEST TO YOURSELF.....….…!!!

Babies' first 1,000 days vital to their long-term health

The first 1,000 days of a child's life - the nine months in the womb and the first two years out of it - determines their health prospects for life, a new research has suggested.

The study has found that this period can permanently affect everything from a child's chances of developing diabetes or having a heart attack in old age, to their future weight and life expectancy, reports the Daily Mail.

Professor David Barker and his colleagues at Southampton University developed the theory after decades of research.

They believe there are a series of critical stages in a child's development. If conditions are not perfect at each step, problems can occur later.

Poor nutrition for a mother affects both the unborn baby's weight and how well the placenta works, while smoking, stress, drugs and alcohol can also take their toll.

Professor Barker believes many health problems can be traced back to poor growth in the womb.

He has shown that the lighter a baby is at birth, the higher its odds of heart disease in later life. On average, a baby weighing less than 5lb 7oz is twice as likely to die from a heart attack than one born at 9lb 7oz.

The seeds of diabetes may also be sown before birth, as the pancreatic cells that make insulin develop in the womb.

Conditions in the uterus can also affect weight for years to come, studies suggest.

Professor Barker said many of these early effects are 'set in stone' and cannot be undone. He added that the key to health is ensuring women eat well throughout their lives. (ANI)

Saturday, July 2, 2011

Tips - Job Interview

Perceptions about interviews usually depend on the interviewer's like ability and first impressions.

Right after a job interview, you could either be supremely confident or faintly worried. Either way, we feel pretty relieved when it is all over. Perceptions about interviews usually depend on the interviewer's like ability and first impressions. It is, therefore, important to remember some statutory courtesies in order to have a positive interaction and favorable result.

After an interview shoot a thank you email or letter
Many interviewees think that once the face-to-face interview is over, the interview process is complete. However, this is not the case. The job interview is just the beginning. Once the personal interview is done, the company mulls, evaluates and decides the best candidate who would best suit the job profile and company.

Therefore, it is a good idea to remain in touch with the interviewer and the company in general. One of the best ways to do so is to drop them a ?Thank You? note. If you have been in touch with company or interviewer via e-mail, then one should email such a note within 24 hours after the interview. Interviewers have short memories. So, this is your final chance to stand apart from all of the others who want the same position.

Follow up after the interview when there is no response
How long should you wait before you call the company or interviewer? Usually, if there is no response within sometime, you will start worrying about whether it is appropriate to call back and check hiring status.

When to call
Post-interview it is best to give a gap of two to three days before you make the first follow up call. One of the most important things to keep in mind during the call is that one should be succinct and brief. Another important aspect is to chalk out a time when to call. The best time to call the interviewer is after lunch or an hour before closing time. This will ensure that you have a comfortable time frame to speak to the interviewer.

Whom to call
Interviewees are sometimes confused about who to follow up with after the interview?the human resource team or the interviewer directly. This situation is more confusing if there was more than one interviewer. In such circumstances, it is best to first check with the human resource team on the hiring status.

What to say
Begin the conversation by thanking the person for the opportunity to interview with the company. Recap some of the conversational highlights and clarify any information you need to check on. Use the last paragraph as the chance to state, ?The job is a good fit for me because of XYZ, and my past experience in XYZ.?

Continue your job search
While waiting to hear from the company after the job interview, you should not ignore other interview calls because you are waiting to hear back from the current interview. Even if you are convinced that you have got the job, there can be many slips between the cup and the lip. It is also a good idea to critique your previous performance and use the experience to polish your interviewing skills....

Thursday, June 30, 2011

Very Very Important Tips to be away from doctors !

Answer the phone by LEFT ear .
Do not drink coffee
TWICE a day.
Do not take pills with
COOL water .
Do not have
HUGE meals after 5pm.
Reduce the amount of
OILY food you consume.
Drink more
WATER in the morning, less at night.
Keep your distance from hand phone
CHARGERS .
Do not use headphones/earphone for
LONG period of time.
Best sleeping time is from
10pm at night to 6am in the morning.
Do not lie down immediately after taking
medicine before sleeping.
When battery is down to the
LAST grid/bar, do not answer the phone as

the radiation is 1000 times.

Do this and you can avoid expensive doctors who are more worried about paying their car installments (costly cars) than the health of their patient.

DRINK WATER ON EMPTY STOMACH

It is popular in Japan today to drink water immediately after waking up every morning. Furthermore, scientific tests have proven its value.


We publish below a description of use of water for our readers. For old and serious diseases as well as modern illnesses the water treatment had been found successful by a Japanese medical society as a 100% cure for the following diseases:

Headache, body ache, heart system, arthritis, fast heart beat, epilepsy, excess fatness, bronchitis asthma, TB, meningitis, kidney and urine diseases, vomiting, gastritis, diarrhea, piles, diabetes, constipation, all eye diseases, womb, cancer and ear nose and throat diseases.

LOVE VS SEX

HE LOVE versus sex debate has been going on since time immemorial. Scientists have blamed a larger hypothalamus (the sex centre of brain) in men that forces them to think about sex 25 hours a day. And we women believe them readily. We take pride in the fact that we are more emotional and sensitive.It all goes back to the caveman era. “Over the years women developed more caring abilities. They learnt from their mothers to be more nurturing, emotional and sensitive. That’s why they look for love to get intimate with any man,” says Dr Gitanjali Sharma, Delhi-based family and marriage counsellor.And traditionally... after all that hunting, the only thing man learned to get intimate was through sex.“The idea of intimacy in both the genders has been different. While women look for a long term commitment, men are quite happy with a fling,” says psychologist Dr Nisha Khanna.But the traditional gender roles have been changing over a period of time. “There are women who are predatory too now. Otherwise it has always been the man who believes in first getting into a woman’s pants and then into her head,” says adman Prahlad Kakkar.And now, there’s in fact new research that challenges the caveman theory. Scientists at Oxford University studied 19 pre-historic humans and found that only one in ten males moved out of the cave to look for food. It was the woman of the cave, who moved out to hunt for the family.Maybe this particular group of pre-historic humans had men who were particularly lazy, but that just proves one thing — women might have been great multi-taskers even in the Neanderthal era.

Wednesday, June 29, 2011

How to prevent yourself from Sun Stroke

The rays of the sun far away from your skin when taking a stroll during a hot summer day. Make sure to wear a hat or walk with a light umbrella, wearing light protective clothing.

Make sure to go out in the early part of the day if you want to enjoy the solitude and relaxation while sitting and watching the ocean waves as this is when the sun has not reached its peak
. If you prefer late in the afternoon, make sure it is the time when the sun is setting. Take along a lightweight umbrella, a bottle of water, and enjoy the peacefulness and quietness, broken only by your thoughts, without worrying about the rays of the sun beating down on your body.

Use a body size umbrella to completely shade you when it is necessary to remain outdoors for a long period of time. Setting up a table to display your wares at an art show, or casual dining outdoors in the heat of the day, will ensure you the rays of the sun will be prevented from beating directly down on your body preventing dehydration and sunstroke.

Limit vigorous activity during hot or humid weather, especially during the middle of the day. Try to schedule exercise during cooler morning or evening hours. Rest under the shade for about 10 minutes every 1/2 hour so as not to get exhausted.

Drink plenty of water frequently, not just sips and not just when you feel thirsty.

Stretching at Office

1. Do simple stretching exercises. Stretch your arms, legs, neck and torso while sitting. This will help prevent you from feeling stiff.

2.

3. Stand up every half hour to walk around a bit. This will ensure continuous blood circulation in your arms and legs, and will keep them from getting too strained. Take walks to the water station to refill your glass. If you can afford to take longer breaks, take a short walk outside your building, and use the stairs instead of the elevator to go down. Aside from giving your legs and heart a good workout, you would be able to take in fresh air as well.

4.

5. Give your eyes a break from focusing on your screen. Every 30 minutes or so, shift your focus from the computer screen and scan around other subjects in the room, such as a window, clock, desk, or door. This helps promote eye movement and lessens chances of eye irritation and headaches. Another technique to relax your eyes would be to rub your hands together, then place your cupped hands over your eyes.

6.

7. Take advantage of the downtime created by rebooting or large file downloads. Get up and take short walks around your floor. If you can afford to do it and do not have many co-workers around who would be bothered, try something more ambitious such as doing a few push-ups, sit-ups, and/or jumping jacks.

8.

9. Take a few deep breaths. To work your abdominal muscles, hold your stomach for a few seconds when breathing in, then release when breathing out. If possible, get some fresh air in your lungs by taking a walk outside, as mentioned in a previous step.

Have a bottle of water by your side and make a habit of drinking some every half hour. If you do this consistently you will begin to feel more alert. Take trips to your water refilling station to refill your jug or glass, so that you can also walk around and exercise your legs at the same time.

How to prevent yourself from Sun Stroke


How to prevent yourself from Sun Stroke

1. http://pad2.whstatic.com/images/thumb/2/29/Chairs_618.jpg/200px-Chairs_618.jpgep the rays of the sun far away from your skin when taking a stroll during a hot summer day. Make sure to wear a hat or walk with a light umbrella, wearing light protective clothing.

Make sure to go out in the early part of the day if you want to enjoy the solitude and relaxation while sitting and watching the ocean waves as this is when the sun has not reached its peak. If you prefer late in the afternoon, make sure it is the time when the sun is setting. Take along a lightweight umbrella, a bottle of water, and enjoy the peacefulness and quietness, broken only by your thoughts, without worrying about the rays of the sun beating down on your body.

Use a body size umbrella to completely shade you when it is necessary to remain outdoors for a long period of time. Setting up a table to display your wares at an art show, or casual dining outdoors in the heat of the day, will ensure you the rays of the sun will be prevented from http://pad3.whstatic.com/images/thumb/5/56/Biking2_558.jpg/200px-Biking2_558.jpgbeating directly down on your body preventing dehydration and sunstroke.

Limit vigorous activity during hot or humid weather, especially during the middle of the day. Try to schedule exercise during cooler morning or evening hours. Rest under the shade for about 10 minutes every 1/2 hour so as not to get exhausted.

Drink plenty of water frequently, not just sips and not just when you feel thirsty

How to prevent yourself from Sun Stroke

1. http://pad2.whstatic.com/images/thumb/2/29/Chairs_618.jpg/200px-Chairs_618.jpgKEep the rays of the sun far away from your skin when taking a stroll during a hot summer day. Make sure to wear a hat or walk with a light umbrella, wearing light protective clothing.

Make sure to go out in the early part of the day if you want to enjoy the solitude and relaxation while sitting and watching the ocean waves as this is when the sun has not reached its peak. If you prefer late in the afternoon, make sure it is the time when the sun is setting. Take along a lightweight umbrella, a bottle of water, and enjoy the peacefulness and quietness, broken only by your thoughts, without worrying about the rays of the sun beating down on your body.

Use a body size umbrella to completely shade you when it is necessary to remain outdoors for a long period of time. Setting up a table to display your wares at an art show, or casual dining outdoors in the heat of the day, will ensure you the rays of the sun will be prevented from http://pad3.whstatic.com/images/thumb/5/56/Biking2_558.jpg/200px-Biking2_558.jpgbeating directly down on your body preventing dehydration and sunstroke.

Limit vigorous activity during hot or humid weather, especially during the middle of the day. Try to schedule exercise during cooler morning or evening hours. Rest under the shade for about 10 minutes every 1/2 hour so as not to get exhausted.

Drink plenty of water frequently, not just sips and not just when you feel thirsty

FITNESS WEEK : MORNING WALK AS EXERCISE

MORNING WALK AS EXERCISE

This is perhaps the most overlooked and neglected form of exercise. Because it sounds and look easy, most of us do not bother to walk, but prefer to sign up for expensive aerobic classes and spend a lot of time in gym.

We recommend walking as exercise since it costs nothing, requires no partner and expensive gadgets, but will burn nearly the same calories as jogging does. It does not burden the body, instead if done in calm and peaceful surroundings like a park or country road, it will let off the tension in your mind and body.

Before you use walking as exercise

1. Make sure you do not eat an hour before going out for a walk. Digesting takes a lot of energy from the body. If you exercise right away after eating, you are going to overburden yourself. Fruits or juices are okay, since they do not tax the system as much.

2. Exercise alone will not make you healthy. No amount of walking or jogging will help the body if you do not eat properly or have greater affection with cigarettes and alcohol.

3. It does not really matter when you do it. Although we acknowledge that an early morning walk is better because the air is significantly fresher, for people who only have the afternoon to do it, it is okay.

4. Avoid busy roads. You need fresh air with green & clean surroundings. The aim is to relax the mind as well as exercise the body. If you are taking more carbon dioxide than oxygen, you are harming your body. So, find a nice, peaceful and green place.

How to do it

Actually, the human body is designed to walk, no one should be taught how to do it. However, for walking as exercise to give more impact, this is our recommendation

1. Get at least 30 minutes walk everyday. Keep your pace at 3 to 5 miles an hour.

2. Vary your routes so that you are not walking on flat ground.

3. If you cannot maintain brisk pace, this is what you should do. Alternate between a 2 minutes brisk walk with a more comfortable pace for the next 2 minutes. After that 2 minutes “rest”, pick up your pace again. If you can maintain brisk walk, do it for approximately 20 minutes. If you cannot allocate 30 minutes a day, don’t worry. The most important thing is to do it regularly. Walking as exercise will restore your peace of mind, make your blood pressure normal and control your appetite. It is better than any pills invented by mankind.

HOW WALKING AFFECTS YOUR BODY COMPONENTS

Lets learn how walking affects our body components. It affects the five components of fitness:

1. BODY:
Walking four times a weak, 45 minutes each time, the average person can lose 18 pounds in a year with no change in diet. Walking can help you trim fat as well as tone your muscles.

2. CARDIOVASCULAR FITNESS : Walking, at any level or speed, two or three times a weak for at least 20 minutes increases cardiovascular strength. By increasing the strength of your heart and lungs, you increase your ability not only to exercise longer and harder but also to perform everyday task without tiring.

3. FLEXIBILITY: As with any endurance activity, walking doesn't significantly increase your flexibility. Every activity uses certain muscles groups more than others. Therefore you don't stretch the muscles that walking uses extensively. They'll tighten, straighten and perhaps cause pains or strains. These exercises are vital for remaining free injury.

4. MUSCULAR ENDURANCE: All walkers develop a moderate amount of endurance, which enables them to exercise longer before becoming exhausted. Race walker have high endurance comparable to that of marathon runners. Walking helps build your ability to do something longer without fatigue.

5. MUSCULAR STRENGTH: You will gain muscular strength with walking but probably not enough for well rounded fitness. Muscles that get an extra workout in walking include the entire back of the leg, calves, hamstrings, and gluteus. You will use muscles in the back of shoulders when you swing your arms. Walking provides other physical benefits and prevents dangers associated with other types of exercise. Walking is a low-impact exercise, which puts less strain on bones and tissues.

BENEFITS OF WALKING

Walking brings significant health benefits to body and mind. Research shows that regular walking contributes much to your overall health and fitness in important ways:

· Strengthens your heart

· Delays or prevents major diseases or illness

· Reduces blood pressure and the risk of stroke

· Reduces cholesterol

· Strengthens joints and bones

· Helps control weight

· Improves mood and self-esteem

· Contributes to “brain fitness”

· Gives you energy and a good night’s rest

· Relieves stress and worry

· Improves balance and circulation

· Boosts immune system

Fitness Week: Diet for Diseases

A balanced diet comprising of diverse and healthy foods is key to promoting good health. After all, we are what we eat - Research continues to prove that eating healthy food promotes good health and unhealthy food habits lead to a diseased body. Foods contain vital nutrients that aid our body’s metabolic function. However, a lack of consumption of these nutrients or feeding upon the wrong kinds of food leads to an accumulation of toxins within the body, resulting in chronic diseases in the long run.
A nutritious diet while ensuring overall well being, helps to maintain a healthy Body Mass Index (BMI), reduces the risk of several debilitating diseases like cancer, cardiovascular ailments, diabetes, osteoporosis and stroke. Thus a nutritious & healthy diet is important in the prevention and cure of various diseases.

Diet for diseases
There are several health conditions that can be caused or aggravated by the food we eat. However, there are also several foods that you can include in your diet to help prevent or treat diseases. It is simplest to draw up a balanced diet chart as this will ensure that you get all the nutrients you require on a regular basis. A nutrition diet chart is a diet chart that helps you to keep a track of your nutritional diet requirements and is a very useful tool when drawing up a personalized diet plan.

Heart diseases: Coronary heart diseases are a very common health problem and they are closely linked to a diet that is high in unhealthy fats. Decreasing one’s intake of fatty foods, especially fried food, will go a long way in preventing heart diseases. On the other hand, a healthy diet chart with an adequate amount of high fiber foods is seen to prevent heart diseases. People who suffer from heart problems are often advised to follow a specific high fiber diet for heart diseases that is rich in raw fruits and vegetables.

Diabetes: While genetics does play an important role in the onset of diabetes, an unhealthy lifestyle and bad eating habits are also contributing factors. A diabetes diet chart is a diet plan that is high in fiber and low in fat with a minimum amount of saturated fats. A Vegan diet is very effective in controlling this problem.

Anemia: Anemia is generally caused by nutritional deficiencies and is most commonly associated with a diet that is low in iron. Iron rich foods such as green leafy vegetables should be included in a diet for anemia.

In addition to these diseases, conditions such as high cholesterol, high blood pressure, gout, and even cancer are affected by the individual’s diet. There are several diet plans such as the Alkaline Acid Diet plan, the Low Glycemic Index diet and the DASH diet plan that are meant to treat specific medical conditions.

Healthy Food Groups
Since no single food group can nourish the body with all the vital ingredients it requires, it is important that we consume a variety of healthy foods to derive the nutrition our body needs. There are five main food groups, they are:

• Fruits
• Vegetables
• Cereals and Pulses
• Dairy
• Poultry, Fish and Meat products

A healthy balanced diet of these five food groups ensures essential vitamins, minerals and dietary fiber. The food group serving size will depend upon various factors like age, activity level, body size and gender. It is also important that one eat a variety of healthy foods from within and across the food groups. As some foods from within a food group provide more nutrients than others. This will ensure that one gets the maximum recommended nutrition from the food group; besides the food variety will make for an interesting meal.

Fitness Week : 10 Reasons to Drink Wate

Your mother may have told you to drink more water when you were young, but you may ignored the advice. As being a logical person, you need reasons on why spending all those time to drink water. Here you go –10 reasons why drinking water is good for you......

  • · Get Healthy Skin

· Flush Toxins

· Reduce Your Risk Of Heart Attack

· Cushion And Lube Your Joints And Muscles

· Get Energized And Be Alert

· Stay Regular

· Reduce Your Risk Of Disease And Infection

· Regulate Your Body Temperature

· Burn More Fat And Build More Muscle

· Get Well

Wednesday, March 31, 2010

Miscellaneous

• Meter any unmetered utilities. Know what is normal efficient use. Track down causes of
deviations.
• Shut down spare, idling, or unneeded equipment.
• Make sure that all of the utilities to redundant areas are turned off -- including utilities like
compressed air and cooling water.
• Install automatic control to efficiently coordinate multiple air compressors, chillers, cooling tower cells, boilers, etc.
• Renegotiate utilities contracts to reflect current loads and variations.
• Consider buying utilities from neighbors, particularly to handle peaks.
• Leased space often has low-bid inefficient equipment. Consider upgrades if your lease will
continue for several more years.
• Adjust fluid temperatures within acceptable limits to minimize undesirable heat transfer in long
pipelines.
• Minimize use of flow bypasses and minimize bypass flow rates.
• Provide restriction orifices in purges (nitrogen, steam, etc.).
• Eliminate unnecessary flow measurement orifices.
• Consider alternatives to high pressure drops across valves.
• Turn off winter heat tracing that is on in summer.

Water & Wastewater

• Recycle water, particularly for uses with less-critical quality requirements.
• Recycle water, especially if sewer costs are based on water consumption.
• Balance closed systems to minimize flows and reduce pump power requirements.
• Eliminate once-through cooling with water.
• Use the least expensive type of water that will satisfy the requirement.
• Fix water leaks.
• Test for underground water leaks. (It's easy to do over a holiday shutdown.)
• Check water overflow pipes for proper operating level.
• Automate blowdown to minimize it.
• Provide proper tools for wash down -- especially self-closing nozzles.
• Install efficient irrigation.
• Reduce flows at water sampling stations.
• Eliminate continuous overflow at water tanks.
• Promptly repair leaking toilets and faucets.
• Use water restrictors on faucets, showers, etc.
• Use self-closing type faucets in restrooms.
• Use the lowest possible hot water temperature.
• Do not use a heating system hot water boiler to provide service hot water during the cooling season-- install a smaller, more-efficient system for the cooling season service hot water.
• If water must be heated electrically, consider accumulation in a large insulated storage tank to
minimize heating at on-peak electric rates.
• Use multiple, distributed, small water heaters to minimize thermal losses in large piping systems.
• Use freeze protection valves rather than manual bleeding of lines.
• Consider leased and mobile water treatment systems, especially for deionized water.
• Seal sumps to prevent seepage inward from necessitating extra sump pump operation.
• Install pretreatment to reduce TOC and BOD surcharges.
• Verify the water meter readings. (You'd be amazed how long a meter reading can be estimated
after the meter breaks or the meter pit fills with water!)
• Verify the sewer flows if the sewer bills are based on them

Buildings

• Seal exterior cracks/openings/gaps with caulk, gasketing, weatherstripping, etc.
• Consider new thermal doors, thermal windows, roofing insulation, etc.
• Install windbreaks near exterior doors.
• Replace single-pane glass with insulating glass.
• Consider covering some window and skylight areas with insulated wall panels inside the building.
• If visibility is not required but light is required, consider replacing exterior windows with insulated glass block.
• Consider tinted glass, reflective glass, coatings, awnings, overhangs, draperies, blinds, and shades for sunlit exterior windows.
• Use landscaping to advantage.
• Add vestibules or revolving doors to primary exterior personnel doors.
• Consider automatic doors, air curtains, strip doors, etc. at high-traffic passages between
conditioned and non-conditioned spaces. Use self-closing doors if possible.
• Use intermediate doors in stairways and vertical passages to minimize building stack effect.
• Use dock seals at shipping and receiving doors.
• Bring cleaning personnel in during the working day or as soon after as possible to minimize
lighting and HVAC costs.

DG sets

• Optimise loading
• Use waste heat to generate steam/hot water /power an absorption chiller or preheat process or
utility feeds.
• Use jacket and head cooling water for process needs
• Clean air filters regularly
• Insulate exhaust pipes to reduce DG set room temperatures
• Use cheaper heavy fuel oil for capacities more than 1MW

Lighting

• Reduce excessive illumination levels to standard levels using switching, delamping, etc. (Know the electrical effects before doing delamping.)
• Aggressively control lighting with clock timers, delay timers, photocells, and/or occupancy
sensors.
• Install efficient alternatives to incandescent lighting, mercury vapor lighting, etc. Efficiency
(lumens/watt) of various technologies range from best to worst approximately as follows: low
pressure sodium, high pressure sodium, metal halide, fluorescent, mercury vapor, incandescent.
• Select ballasts and lamps carefully with high power factor and long-term efficiency in mind.
• Upgrade obsolete fluorescent systems to Compact fluorescents and electronic ballasts
• Consider lowering the fixtures to enable using less of them.
• Consider daylighting, skylights, etc.
• Consider painting the walls a lighter color and using less lighting fixtures or lower wattages.
• Use task lighting and reduce background illumination.
• Re-evaluate exterior lighting strategy, type, and control. Control it aggressively.
• Change exit signs from incandescent to LED.

Cooling towers

• Control cooling tower fans based on leaving water temperatures.
• Control to the optimum water temperature as determined from cooling tower and chiller
performance data.
• Use two-speed or variable-speed drives for cooling tower fan control if the fans are few. Stage the cooling tower fans with on-off control if there are many.
• Turn off unnecessary cooling tower fans when loads are reduced.
• Cover hot water basins (to minimize algae growth that contributes to fouling).
• Balance flow to cooling tower hot water basins.
• Periodically clean plugged cooling tower water distribution nozzles.
• Install new nozzles to obtain a more-uniform water pattern.
• Replace splash bars with self-extinguishing PVC cellular-film fill.
• On old counterflow cooling towers, replace old spray-type nozzles with new square-spray ABS
practically-non-clogging nozzles.
• Replace slat-type drift eliminators with high-efficiency, low-pressure-drop, self-extinguishing,
PVC cellular units.
• If possible, follow manufacturer's recommended clearances around cooling towers and relocate or modify structures, signs, fences, dumpsters, etc. that interfere with air intake or exhaust.
• Optimize cooling tower fan blade angle on a seasonal and/or load basis.
• Correct excessive and/or uneven fan blade tip clearance and poor fan balance.
• Use a velocity pressure recovery fan ring.
• Divert clean air-conditioned building exhaust to the cooling tower during hot weather.
• Re-line leaking cooling tower cold water basins.
• Check water overflow pipes for proper operating level.
• Optimize chemical use.
• Consider side stream water treatment.
• Restrict flows through large loads to design values.
• Shut off loads that are not in service.
• Take blowdown water from the return water header.
• Optimize blowdown flow rate.
• Automate blowdown to minimize it.
• Send blowdown to other uses (Remember, the blowdown does not have to be removed at the
cooling tower. It can be removed anywhere in the piping system.)
• Implement a cooling tower winterization plan to minimize ice build-up.
• Install interlocks to prevent fan operation when there is no water flow.
• Establish a cooling tower efficiency-maintenance program. Start with an energy audit and followup, then make a cooling tower efficiency-maintenance program a part of your continuous energy management program.

Refrigeration

• Use water-cooled condensers rather than air-cooled condensers.
• Challenge the need for refrigeration, particularly for old batch processes.
• Avoid oversizing -- match the connected load.
• Consider gas-powered refrigeration equipment to minimize electrical demand charges.
• Use "free cooling" to allow chiller shutdown in cold weather.
• Use refrigerated water loads in series if possible.
• Convert firewater or other tanks to thermal storage.
• Don't assume that the old way is still the best -- particularly for energy-intensive low temperature systems.
• Correct inappropriate brine or glycol concentration that adversely affects heat transfer and/or
pumping energy.
If it sweats, insulate it, but if it is corroding, replace it first.
• Make adjustments to minimize hot gas bypass operation.
• Inspect moisture/liquid indicators.
• Consider change of refrigerant type if it will improve efficiency.
• Check for correct refrigerant charge level.
• Inspect the purge for air and water leaks.
• Establish a refrigeration efficiency-maintenance program. Start with an energy audit and followup, then make a refrigeration efficiency-maintenance program a part of your continuous energy management program.

HVAC (Heating / Ventilation / Air Conditioning)

• Tune up the HVAC control system.
• Consider installing a building automation system (BAS) or energy management system (EMS) or restoring an out-of-service one.
• Balance the system to minimize flows and reduce blower/fan/pump power requirements.
• Eliminate or reduce reheat whenever possible.
• Use appropriate HVAC thermostat setback.
• Use morning pre-cooling in summer and pre-heating in winter (i.e. -- before electrical peak hours).
• Use building thermal lag to minimize HVAC equipment operating time.
• In winter during unoccupied periods, allow temperatures to fall as low as possible without freezing water lines or damaging stored materials.
• In summer during unoccupied periods, allow temperatures to rise as high as possible without
damaging stored materials.
• Improve control and utilization of outside air.
• Use air-to-air heat exchangers to reduce energy requirements for heating and cooling of outside air.
• Reduce HVAC system operating hours (e.g. -- night, weekend).
• Optimize ventilation.
• Ventilate only when necessary. To allow some areas to be shut down when unoccupied, install
dedicated HVAC systems on continuous loads (e.g. -- computer rooms).
• Provide dedicated outside air supply to kitchens, cleaning rooms, combustion equipment, etc. to
avoid excessive exhausting of conditioned air.
• Use evaporative cooling in dry climates.
• Reduce humidification or dehumidification during unoccupied periods.
• Use atomization rather than steam for humidification where possible.
• Clean HVAC unit coils periodically and comb mashed fins.
• Upgrade filter banks to reduce pressure drop and thus lower fan power requirements.
• Check HVAC filters on a schedule (at least monthly) and clean/change if appropriate.
• Check pneumatic controls air compressors for proper operation, cycling, and maintenance.
• Isolate air conditioned loading dock areas and cool storage areas using high-speed doors or clear
PVC strip curtains.
• Install ceiling fans to minimize thermal stratification in high-bay areas.
• Relocate air diffusers to optimum heights in areas with high ceilings.
• Consider reducing ceiling heights.
• Eliminate obstructions in front of radiators, baseboard heaters, etc.
• Check reflectors on infrared heaters for cleanliness and proper beam direction.
• Use professionally-designed industrial ventilation hoods for dust and vapor control.
• Use local infrared heat for personnel rather than heating the entire area.
• Use spot cooling and heating (e.g. -- use ceiling fans for personnel rather than cooling the entire
area).
• Purchase only high-efficiency models for HVAC window units.
• Put HVAC window units on timer control.
• Don't oversize cooling units. (Oversized units will "short cycle" which results in poor humidity
control.)

Chillers

• Increase the chilled water temperature set point if possible.
• Use the lowest temperature condenser water available that the chiller can handle.
(Reducing condensing temperature by 5.50C, results in a 20 - 25% decrease in compressor power consumption)
• Increase the evaporator temperature
(5.50C increase in evaporator temperature reduces compressor power consumption by 20 - 25%)
• Clean heat exchangers when fouled.
(1 mm scale build-up on condenser tubes can increase energy consumption by 40%)
• Optimize condenser water flow rate and refrigerated water flow rate.
• Replace old chillers or compressors with new higher-efficiency models.
• Use water-cooled rather than air-cooled chiller condensers.
• Use energy-efficient motors for continuous or near-continuous operation.
• Specify appropriate fouling factors for condensers.
• Do not overcharge oil.
• Install a control system to coordinate multiple chillers.
• Study part-load characteristics and cycling costs to determine the most-efficient mode for
operating multiple chillers.
• Run the chillers with the lowest operating costs to serve base load.
• Avoid oversizing -- match the connected load.
• Isolate off-line chillers and cooling towers.
• Establish a chiller efficiency-maintenance program. Start with an energy audit and follow-up, then make a chiller efficiency-maintenance program a part of your continuous energy management program.

Compressed air

• Install a control system to coordinate multiple air compressors.
• Study part-load characteristics and cycling costs to determine the most-efficient mode for
operating multiple air compressors.
• Avoid over sizing -- match the connected load.
• Load up modulation-controlled air compressors. (They use almost as much power at partial load as at full load.)
• Turn off the back-up air compressor until it is needed.
• Reduce air compressor discharge pressure to the lowest acceptable setting.
(Reduction of 1 kg/cm2 air pressure (8 kg/cm2 to 7 kg/cm2) would result in 9% input power
savings. This will also reduce compressed air leakage rates by 10%)
• Use the highest reasonable dryer dew point settings.
• Turn off refrigerated and heated air dryers when the air compressors are off.
• Use a control system to minimize heatless desiccant dryer purging.
• Minimize purges, leaks, excessive pressure drops, and condensation accumulation.
(Compressed air leak from 1 mm hole size at 7 kg/cm2 pressure would mean power loss equivalent to 0.5 kW)
• Use drain controls instead of continuous air bleeds through the drains.
• Consider engine-driven or steam-driven air compression to reduce electrical demand charges.
• Replace standard v-belts with high-efficiency flat belts as the old v-belts wear out.
• Use a small air compressor when major production load is off.
• Take air compressor intake air from the coolest (but not air conditioned) location.
(Every 50C reduction in intake air temperature would result in 1% reduction in compressor power consumption)
• Use an air-cooled aftercooler to heat building makeup air in winter.
• Be sure that heat exchangers are not fouled (e.g. -- with oil).
• Be sure that air/oil separators are not fouled.
• Monitor pressure drops across suction and discharge filters and clean or replace filters promptly upon alarm.
• Use a properly sized compressed air storage receiver.
Minimize disposal costs by using lubricant that is fully demulsible and an effective oil-water
separator.
• Consider alternatives to compressed air such as blowers for cooling, hydraulic rather than air
cylinders, electric rather than air actuators, and electronic rather than pneumatic controls.
• Use nozzles or venturi-type devices rather than blowing with open compressed air lines.
• Check for leaking drain valves on compressed air filter/regulator sets. Certain rubber-type valves may leak continuously after they age and crack.
• In dusty environments, control packaging lines with high-intensity photocell units instead of
standard units with continuous air purging of lenses and reflectors.
• Establish a compressed air efficiency-maintenance program. Start with an energy audit and followup, then make a compressed air efficiency-maintenance program a part of your continuous energy management program.